This year, all signs point to rising freight rates. With driver shortages across North America, driver wages are on the rise. On an almost daily basis, there are reports of trucking companies offering signing bonuses and pay for performance (productivity) packages to attract more drivers (at a higher cost) to their firms. Capacity shortages, government regulations and increases in fleet costs are all driving upward pressure on costs. In addition, economic growth is increasing the demand for transportation services as freight carrier consolidation, particularly in Canada, reduces the range of carrier choices. New pricing methodologies (e.g. Dimensional Pricing) will also serve to push up freight rates, particularly for low density LTL shipments.
Shippers have been using Freight RFPs or Freight Bids for years in an attempt to keep freight rates under control. The question is whether FRPs still work effectively in a climate of rising freight rates? As a company that has been conducting freight bids for over ten years, the answer is yes, but they take more thought, more planning and more work than is the past. Here are a few tips to ensure your company achieves the best value for its transportation dollars.
1. Leverage your volumes
Your company’s volume of freight, in the traffic lanes where your vendors and customers are located, is the deck of cards your company brings to the table. One of the keys to success is to leverage these volumes as effectively as possible. To do so, it is helpful to consolidate (for purposes of rate negotiations) the freight volumes you have across multiple plants, divisions, sister companies and/or even competitors, if possible. Larger freight volumes give you a bigger bargaining stick.
2. Know your freight
It is critically important to know as much as possible about your company’s freight and shipping characteristics. This includes items such as commodity descriptions, densities, packaging, loading and loading characteristics, paperwork, and delivery times (e.g. pre 8:00 AM). This can help you in several ways. First “knowledge is power” and this knowledge enables you to understand what makes your freight attractive or unattractive to carriers. It ensures that you don’t get taken advantage of by the carriers and pay rates that are inconsistent with the freight that your company moves.
3. Consolidate your freight wherever possible
Some companies have small parcel or LTL freight. This doesn’t necessarily mean you have to pay small parcel or LTL rates. Talk to your customers and vendors. Seek out ways to consolidate small parcel shipments into LTL orders or ship quarter, half or full loads of LTL freight. Can daily LTL orders be moved weekly or bi-weekly? Look at the departure and arrival times of your freight to find situations where freight costs can be reduced by shipping on specific service days.
4. Look at modal options
Would your customers accept a delivery a few days later if you switched some truckload over the road shipments to intermodal service? Would it make sense to combine LTL shipments on a container and send them to specific warehouse locations where they can then be delivered by a local LTL or cartage company?
5. Cast a wide net
As you prepare your RFP, look beyond your current list of carriers and seek out other asset or non- asset based companies that can do the job. Are there some irregular route LTL carriers that can move multi pallet orders direct from origin to destination? Would you benefit from working with some logistics service providers that can mix and match a range of carriers to meet your company’s needs? Do some of these 3PLs have access to small local carriers that excel in certain hard to service regions?
6. Understand your carriers’ needs
Despite what some shippers and carriers think, successful RFPs evolve from forming true partnerships rather than adversarial relationships. Rather than rush out to the market, take the time to understand the needs and attributes of your carriers. Find out where they need specific head haul and back haul business. Understand how your business fits within their transportation networks.
7. Consolidate carriers
As we work with our various clients, we see situations where shippers are using dozens and in some cases, hundreds of carriers. This often results in sub-optimized freight allocations and sub-optimized freight pricing. Look for geographic areas where you can consolidate volumes (and carriers) to increase leverage.
8. Negotiate everything over multiple rounds
Negotiate freight rates, fuel and accessorial charges. Everything is negotiable. Don’t jump at the first set of rates you receive, no matter how attractive they may be. Look for opportunities to consolidate your volumes even further to secure better pricing. At the same time, do your due diligence to make sure the carriers have the equipment, drivers and information systems to meet your requirements. A single-minded focus on pricing is not a recipe for success.
9. Stay flexible
In your RFP, make it clear that your company is not making any volume commitments. State this up front. This is not to say that you won’t consolidate your volumes with particular carriers at the RFP comes to conclusion. You will. It just means that this doesn’t have to be in writing.
As the negotiation progress, the carriers will seek to impose volume guarantees, particularly if you wish to place some or all of your business under contract. If you have an off year, a volume commitment allows the carrier to impose rate increases. By making your company’s position clear up front and during the process, this will protect your company from unpleasant surprises down the road. It also makes it easier to switch carriers if a particular firm is not performing up to expectations.
10. Sign multi-year agreements with fair but modest rate increases
If you want to establish true partnerships with your carriers, you need to make some commitments. A multi-year agreement with reasonable rate escalation clauses tied to increases in GDP is a good way to do this. With a multi-year agreement, the carrier is likely to be more dedicated to your business, to continue to make their assets available to your company and provide better service.
Sticking to this set of principles will allow shippers to negotiate competitive freight rates in a year of rising carrier costs. Has your company conducted a Freight RFP this year? What did you learn that would helpful to shippers and carriers? Please let us know by providing a comment below.
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