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These are challenging times for shippers. Driver, labor and truck shortages, port congestion, escalating freight and fuel costs, coupled with the lingering effects of Covid are making life difficult for shippers across the world. Here are a few coping strategies

1. Work in Partnership with Procurement to Create Alternate Sourcing Strategies for both Raw Materials and Transportation

Every day we read and see images in the media of containers sitting at ports, or offshore, waiting to dock at a port. We also read about embargoes and about carriers refusing to pick up or deliver to certain markets.

This is a time when Purchasing and Transportation must work together. It is no longer just a question of finding reliable sources of supply; it is also a question of whether goods can be picked up from or delivered to selected markets. Procurement and Transportation must communicate about alternate sources of supply, particularly about finding vendors in North America to mitigate supply chain bottlenecks and satisfy customer requirements.

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As we begin the new year, trucking companies throughout North America are facing the same challenge - - - finding qualified truck drivers. There are several forces shaping the supply of drivers.

The coronavirus is making drivers sick and some have not come back; the virus is also causing older drivers to retire. A surge in business volumes is being experienced in various sectors of the freight economy. Strong market demand and capacity shortages are encouraging more requests from shippers for committed capacity. Having done their homework, some of the biggest shippers are prepared to pay a premium to secure the capacity they need.

As increasing numbers of people work from home, and with the closure of many restaurants and stores, there has been a remarkable upswing in Ecommerce activity. Thousands of drivers have been added to the workforce to perform local deliveries. During this period, an estimated 30,000 drivers have been disqualified in the new U.S. Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse.

Trucking companies are creating a range of programs to recruit and retain drivers. Roehl Transport (https://www.roehl.jobs) announced a new program to add truck driving jobs to qualified people who stepped away from their commercial driving career for other non-driving employment. “The Roehl Relaunch Program is open to former truck drivers who may have left trucking for positions in construction, manufacturing, retail, and other industries as well as current drivers in local trucking jobs who may not be getting the income they need . . . Drivers who complete the Relaunch program will be given credit for their prior experience rather than starting over at entry level driver pay rates.”

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From a Freight Transportation perspective, the past two years have been among the most tumultuous in decades. Throughout 2018, an economic surge, a shortage of qualified drivers, and the implementation of the ELD mandate in the United States, created a shortage of freight capacity, particularly in the truckload sector. Shippers struggled to find trucks to move their loads.

To address these shortfalls, many shippers were forced to pay significantly higher rates, establish dedicated fleets and/or change their freight operations to become a “Shipper of Choice.” Rather than simply tender their loads, shippers were advised to become more “carrier friendly.” This encompassed a range of activities.

Becoming a “Shipper of Choice”

Shippers learned that they could improve their chances of securing needed truck space by giving carriers advance notice of a pending surge in business volumes. Another way to improve carrier relations was to help fleets keep their trucks on the road, rather than sitting in warehouse yards or at loading docks. To avoid carrier detention fees for long waits, shippers and receivers were encouraged to improve appointment scheduling and freight loading / unloading processes.

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This has been a remarkable year for the Surface Freight Transportation industry in North America. Here are some of the top stories for the past 12 months.

1. The Booming Economy

The booming economy was the single biggest story in the Freight Transportation industry in 2018. After years of steady but modest growth following the Great Recession of a decade ago, the economies of North America took off. A very strong jobs market, record employment, high consumer confidence, deregulation, and a tax cut in the United States stimulated an economy that was already at full throttle. Instead of a “storm” we experienced a powerful explosion. Americans and Canadians were working and spending money, pushing freight volumes to very elevated levels.

2. Climate Change

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The Surface Transportation Summit celebrated its 10th anniversary at the International Centre on October 10. The event addressed the profound changes that have taken hold of the Transportation industry in 2018 and where they will likely lead us in 2019.

Paul Ferley, Assistant Chief Economist, Royal Bank of Canada, kicked off the day by highlighting that the US economy is operating beyond capacity. The U.S. is stimulating an already hot economy with tax cuts and low interest rates. As we look ahead to 2019, he noted that the level of future growth will depend on the actions of economic policy-makers.

Rising oil prices, still accommodative monetary policy and strong U.S. growth have moved the Canadian economy to capacity. The new USMCA (formerly NAFTA) trade agreement has created stability although with tariffs on steel and aluminum, and a president who can act erratically, this could change at any time.

The U.S. Federal Reserve’s objectives will likely be to try to moderate the level of activity. The concern is that President will try to boost an economy that is already over capacity. In Canada, a low dollar coupled with rising oil prices and ongoing increases in interest rates by the Government of Canada are expected to moderate growth.

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Last week’s TruckWorld event at the International Centre in Toronto was a great opportunity to connect with old friends and get updated on the state of the freight transportation industry. It was clear from the huge attendance at the show that is a very good year to be in trucking. The negotiating leverage has clearly swung over to the carrier side. Shippers are being told to accept rate increases or risk losing their truck capacity to other manufacturers and distributors.

One trucking company owner summed up the state of the industry this way. The industry is facing four problems: drivers, drivers, drivers, and drivers. This caused me to reflect on what various trucking companies are doing to address this issue.

Signing Bonuses

Companies are offering from $2000 to $10,000 bonuses to experienced (one year plus) drivers.

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In last week’s blog, I highlighted the tight freight capacity being experienced across North America (https://dantranscon.com/index.php/blog?view=entry&id=310 ), and that it is likely to continue for another year or two. For shippers that are experiencing shortages of trucking or rail equipment, there is a series of steps that need to be taken to prevent service failures and loss of market share. Here is a link to some blogs I wrote on this topic last summer (https://www.dantranscon.com/index.php/blog/entry/shippers-need-to-become-more-carrier-friendly-to-minimize-freight-rate-increases and https://www.dantranscon.com/index.php/blog/entry/two-keys-to-maintaining-truck-capacity-this-winter ).

The following are some additional steps to take to become a Preferred Shipper.

1. Integrate a Freight Transportation Strategy into the company’s Business Plan

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North American freight markets are witnessing the strongest demand for transportation services in decades. Contract and spot freight rates continue to soar. The contract rate average revenue per mile rose 3.5 percent in 2017. Through the first two months of this year, contract truckload freight rates have jumped 15 percent per mile! “We’ve never seen numbers like this,” according to Bob Costello, the American Trucking Associations’ chief economist. So far in 2018, the total number of loads is up 5.4 percent compared with the same period a year ago.

Supply chains are also changing. The number of miles driven per load continues to decrease for full truckload carriers. The average miles driven per haul in the United States fell 34 percent last year to 524 miles, down from nearly 800 miles about 15 years ago. A changing supply chain is behind the decline, Costello said. Online and big box retailers have increased their number of distribution centers across the country, shortening distances for deliveries. The number of miles truckers are driving annually also has fallen and now stands at about 100,000, roughly 35,000 miles less than 15 years ago. Sales of trucks in the heaviest Class 8 weight segment continue to be strong as demand grows from both leasing companies and motor carriers.

CEOs are taking notice and are highlighting the impact of freight costs on their financial results. What are the drivers of this rapid escalation in freight rates? The industry is benefitting from low unemployment, booming housing starts and strong online sales growth, according to Mr. Costello. America is still feeling the impact of the three hurricanes last year and the difficult winter storms.

Truck fleets are also having difficulty supplying the needed capacity. Market demand indices show that capacity is very tight. The load to truck ratio in most parts of the United States is at a very robust 5.5. loads per piece of equipment. There are 10 flatbed loads for every flatbed driver. The impact of the ELD mandate has also contributed to driver shortages. The ELD mandate has increased the time to move loads from 1.05 days to 1.22 days on loads traveling 450 to 550 miles. Trucking companies are not expanding their fleet sizes since they cannot find drivers to fill their trucks. Even with the significant increases in driver pay, trucking networks are 100% full or higher. Truck fleets are allocating their precious assets to shippers that have speedy pick up and delivery requirements and pay compensatory rates.

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Periodically, business conditions change. These changes can have positive or negative effects on certain sectors of the freight transportation industry.

Intermodal transportation uses at least two modes of transportation (i.e. road, rail) to move freight. The intermodal option works best when the rail service provider has terminals within a fifty-mile radius of the origin and destination points and on major long haul (i.e. over 1000 mile) lanes. While intermodal volumes have grown over the past couple of decades, this business remains a niche market. The typical road/rail combo service is usually a few days longer than over the road transportation, but it is normally priced a few percentage points below truck service. This may be a pivot point for intermodal. Here’s why.

The US and Canadian Domestic Intermodal Freight Markets

Two hurricanes in the southern US and solid economic conditions in Canada and United States have been driving a tightening of trucking capacity. As it tightens, intermodal service can be an option on some freight shipping corridors. Shippers often look to intermodal service for lower freight costs. As truck capacity shrinks and spot market rates rise, this may create an impetus for shippers to migrate some traffic from road to rail.

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We have been hearing about the possibility of a trucking capacity shortage for several years. While there have been sporadic shortages in specific geographic areas, for particular modes, the predicted massive shortage never materialized. This year may be different.

Two major hurricanes caused major damage to homes and infrastructure in Texas, Florida and adjoining areas. Drivers and trucks are required in these areas to transport building materials, appliances, electric grids, and other needed supplies. Some drivers will likely take construction jobs to aid with the rebuilding effort and increase their earnings.

The economies of Canada and the United States are in good shape with historically low unemployment and solid GDP growth. Then there is the Electronic Logging (ELD) Device mandate that will restrict the utilization of some trucks and push some drivers out of the industry. This unique confluence of variables is likely to make an already tight capacity situation even tighter.

What can shippers do to secure the capacity they need to keep their supply chains flowing and serve their customers? Here are two suggestions.

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As we all know, freight capacity throughout North America is tightening. A shortage of drivers, new government regulations and rising fleet costs are making it increasingly challenging for trucking companies to operate their fleets. As a result, carriers are being selective in terms of the shippers for whom they will offer their fleet capacity.

Smart carriers are ranking their customers on the basis of profitability and ease of serving. Shippers must now make their companies and their freight attractive to their carriers to secure the capacity they need. These are some things they can do.

Run a Clean Operation

Simply put, shippers need to be organized. As carriers enter their customers’ yards, they want to find an available dock door and they want the freight and paperwork to be ready for pick-up. They don’t want to have to wait as other carriers to block their way. They also don’t want their customers to call them back 30 minutes after they left the yard to pick up an extra skid or two. In other words, trucking companies want consistency, reliability and predictability. They want to work with shippers that are efficient and keep their costs down.

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In a recent Stifel report, it was noted that the “mother” of all capacity shortages is expected to hit the United States in 2017 as a series of government regulations reduce the supply of fleet equipment by five to fifteen percent. Despite the efforts of carriers to raise pay, upgrade facilities and improve the lifestyle of drivers, annual turnover stubbornly remains at close to one hundred percent in many fleets. On the rail side, a huge upswing in the movement of energy products by this mode has had a deleterious effect on intermodal capacity and service. Wise shippers realize that trying to secure carriers on the spot market is a risky endeavor since this leaves them open to capacity shortages and rate volatility.

What can your company do to protect itself if there are capacity shortfalls?

Is your company ready for even tighter freight capacity? Will the integrity of your company’s supply chain be maintained in this ever-changing environment? What can your company do to protect itself if there are capacity shortfalls?

1. Bring your top performing carriers under contract

An important first step is to view your major carriers as business partners. As such, it makes good sense to negotiate formal multi-year contracts with capacity commitments and service guarantees. As you engage in these types of discussions, find out how your business fits within the parameters of their operation. Does your freight move on their primary traffic lanes? Do they have head haul or back haul in the reverse direction? Are you a valued customer?

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