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It’s Freight Bid Season Again

Posted by on in Freight Bids

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Shippers across North America are in the process of conducting their annual or mini freight bid exercises. What is in store for shippers and carriers this year?

This is a unique year. The supply/demand curve shifted during the early stages of Covid. Consumers transitioned to working from home, cut back on travel and dining out, spent their disposable dollars on durable goods and some moved away from their city residences. To meet the demand for increased freight transportation services, to move the increase in durable goods purchases, carriers boosted their purchases of fleet equipment. As this process was unfolding, governments sent out cheques to support citizens who lost their jobs during this period and kept interest rates low to stimulate the economy.

As Covid dissipated, consumers cut back on durable goods purchases and shifted some of their discretionary dollars back to travel, dining out, and entertainment. The net result of these market forces was surging inflation. Prices for food, gasoline, travel, dining out, mortgages and many other goods and services escalated. While the economy is not technically in a recession, rising prices created limitations on spending, as discretionary dollars were reduced. The bottom line for the Transportation Industry: There is now too much fleet capacity chasing too few shipments.

The so-called “freight recession” is manifesting itself in the financial results of publicly traded carriers and in the number of carrier failures. The demise of Yellow Freight, a major LTL carrier that has been in business for many decades and Convoy, a much talked about, digital freight broker, are among the thousands of companies that have left the industry this year.

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Will We Escape a Recession in 2023?

Posted by on in Economy

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Friday’s surprising U.S. January jobs number raised multiple questions about the status of the American and Canadian economies and the prospects for a recession in 2023. The figure of 517,000 non-farm jobs created in January was significantly higher than the market estimate of 187,000, and the job creation figures for the previous five months. Despite the ongoing series of Fed rate increases, unemployment fell to 3.4%, the lowest figure in 50 years. “Today’s jobs report is almost too good to be true,” wrote Julia Pollak, chief economist at ZipRecruiter. “Like $20 bills on the sidewalk and free lunches, falling inflation paired with falling unemployment is the stuff of economics fiction.”

Growth across a multitude of sectors helped propel the massive beat against the estimate. Leisure and hospitality added 128,000 jobs to lead all sectors. Other significant gainers were professional and business services (82,000), government (74,000) and health care (58,000). Retail was up 30,000 and construction added 25,000.

Reorganization of the New Economy

In a Sunday interview with Margaret Brennan, host of Face the Nation, Gary Cohen, Vice Chair of IBM, and former chief economic advisor to President Donald Trump, stated that these statistics point to a “reorganization of the new economy.” He expressed the view that the “service economy is regaining strength.” He noted that “the occupancy rate in offices in major cities is over fifty percent.” Service sector employees (parking attendants, restaurant workers) are needed to support workers in offices. Even though many employees are not returning to the office, 5 days a week, there is still a need for service industry employees to support them as they, and their colleagues, move from their dens to their offices, several days a week. It appears that as many people try to normalize their lives, as the pandemic crisis subsides, more hotel and airline personnel are also being hired.

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The new year has started with a bang with TFII's planned purchase of the LTL Freight division of UPS.  TFII is a large Canadian freight transportation conglomerate and it's deal is unique in some ways but not in others.

The challenge for many Canadian LTL carriers has been to establish a solid arrangement with a profitable, reliable US LTL partner so they can jointly secure lucrative cross-border freight. Since the United States population is ten times the size of Canada’s, historically it has been financially difficult for a Canadian LTL carrier to purchase a major US LTL partner. Besides the cost, an acquisition of this nature only makes sense if the Canadian carrier is prepared to compete in the U.S. domestic LTL market.

As a result, most Canadian LTL carriers that have been interested in cross-border LTL freight, have formed partnerships with or more U.S. carriers. These partnerships typically last for a few years until one of the following things happen. The U.S. carrier decides to buy a Canadian carrier or cartage company in one or more Canadian cities and enter the market under their own banner. Alternatively, the one partner becomes frustrated with the other partner due to a lack of sales production. The carriers then must seek other partners or another group of partners as replacements. This partnership arrangement has been prevalent for decades.

A Brief History of Canadian Purchases of U.S. LTL Carriers

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A couple of weeks ago I received a copy of a fascinating new book entitled The Future of Buildings, Transportation and Power, written by Roger Duncan and Michael E. Webber and published by DW Books. I was particularly struck by the chapters on the Future of the Freight Transportation Industry.

They identify “three major areas of change underway in our transportation sector. First, there is the cultural change in the way we own or use vehicles daily. Second, there are fundamental shifts in transportation technology. And finally, alternative fuels are capturing the fuel market.” Below please find some of their thoughts on Transportation Technology.

Electric Vehicles

Messrs. Duncan and Webber conclude that “the resurgence of the electric vehicle (EV) is strong today and electric cars seem destined to dominate our local transportation . . . A global coalition of countries has the aspirational goal of electric vehicles taking 30 percent of the market share by 2030. . . Cars, sedans, vans, and most trucks will be electrified in the coming decades . . . At the core of this transition is the relative efficiency of electric motors compared with internal combustion engines.”

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Understanding the YRCW Bailout

Posted by on in LTL Freight

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On July 1, 2020 the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced that it was providing YRC Worldwide with a two-tranche loan that would allow it to make delinquent health and welfare and pension payments as well as fund capital expenditures for its tractors and trailers. As part of the deal, YRC is required to issue the Treasury Department shares of common stock, which YRC expects will equate to a 29.6% equity stake in the company.

The press release stated that “YRC is a leading provider of critical military transportation and other hauling services to the U.S. government and provides 68% of less-than-truckload services to the Department of Defense. This loan will enable YRC to maintain approximately 30,000 trucking jobs and continue to support essential military supply chain operations and the transport of industrial, commercial, and retail goods to more than 200,000 corporate customers across North America.”

It is noteworthy that this is the first time the U.S government has taken a large stake in a company seeking a bailout in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. It is also the first loan announced from the $17 billion relief fund created by U.S. lawmakers to help "businesses critical to maintaining national security."

To make sense of this bailout, it is worth taking a trip back in history. In the early 2000s there were three large unionized LTL carriers, Consolidated Freightways, Roadway Corporation and Yellow Freight System. Back in 2002, Consolidated Freightways Corp., America's third-largest trucker laid off about 15,500 workers, shut down its operations and filed for bankruptcy.

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In my previous blog (https://www.dantranscon.com/index.php/blog/entry/economic-recovery-and-the-future-of-the-freight-transportation-industry-part-1), I suggested that the economic recovery during the balance of this year will likely have a number of peaks and valleys that reflect the spread of Covid-19. In this blog I will explore some of Covid-19’s impacts on freight transportation.

The latest economic data “most closely resembles a horror movie with Q1 GDP posting the worst numbers since the global financial crisis, nearly a quarter of workers now unemployed, and durable goods showing the worst two-month streak since data collection began,” stated Brett F. Ewing, Chief Market Strategist, First Franklin Financial Services.  The job market halted its pandemic-induced collapse in May as employers brought back millions of workers and the unemployment rate unexpectedly declined. Tens of millions of American workers are still out of work, and the unemployment rate, which fell to 13.3 percent from 14.7 percent in April, remains worse than in any previous postwar recession. All the same, economists warn that it will take far longer for the economy to climb out of the hole than it did to fall into it.

The gains in May indicated that the Canada Revenue Agency, the U.S. Congress and the Federal Reserve had at least partly succeeded in limiting permanent economic damage by providing trillions of dollars in assistance to households and businesses. But that aid is now in jeopardy in the U.S., and economists warned that there was no guarantee the job market would continue to improve without it.

Even as the economy shows signs of revival, the United States is confirming more than 20,000 new coronavirus cases and 1000 deaths a day, with counts rising in at least 21 states. The protests over the past three weeks have brought thousands of people to the streets across North America, most close to one another. While many protestors are wearing masks, the lack of physical distancing will likely produce increased virus case counts in many locations.

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The recovery of the North American transportation industry is contingent upon the revival of the economies of the United States and Canada. The movement of auto parts, housing supplies, manufactured goods, food stuffs. and a host of other products drive the economy. If there are any impediments to the smooth operation of North American supply chains, this has a direct impact on the Transportation industry. This blog will focus on the forces shaping the revival of the two economies. Part 2 will focus on what the freight transportation industry will look like after the recovery.

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis, Canada has lost about 3 million jobs while the U.S. has lost about 40 million jobs. Many of the unemployed have been forced to stay at home due to the contagious nature of the virus. For the past week, the United States has also been rocked by protests in over 75 major cities because of the killing in Minneapolis, Minnesota of an African American man, George Floyd, by a white police officer.

Most U.S. states and Canadian provinces are in “the restart” period. With no vaccine for probably nine months or more, companies need to generate revenue and profits during the “next normal” phase. Businesses and consumers are having to learn to adapt to the public health guidelines in each jurisdiction (i.e. social distancing, handwashing, mask wearing, drive to work rather than take public transportation etc.) and the new operating procedures (i.e. curbside pickup, controlled entry to stores and businesses, working from home etc.).

In the space of a few months, we have discovered that jobs that no one thought could be done remotely can be handled very effectively with a laptop computer and video conferencing. Cash-strapped businesses are learning that they can cut costs through the reduction or elimination of office space and its attendant costs. Teleconferencing reduces the need for business travel, another cost saver. Commuting costs can be cut – a walk to the home office beats hours in a car or on public transit. Of course, not everyone can work from home.

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As of May 2, 32 U.S. states and 5 Canadian provinces (https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/reopening-canada-provinces-ontario-quebec-saskatchewan-alberta) have announced plans to reopen businesses on a phased basis. Each state and province has developed back to work guidelines to manage the process. These actions are being taken even though Covid-19 is a very contagious virus with 1.1 million reported cases and 65,000 deaths in the US and 55,000 cases and almost 3400 deaths in Canada. Currently there is no cure and a cure is at least a year or more away.

Government Health Care Guidelines

While there are various sets of guidelines that have been published, those developed by New York State and by the Province of Ontario (https://www.ontario.ca/page/resources-prevent-covid-19-workplace?_ga=2.258615434.1461890914.1588269926-1610310933.1584035138 ) are particularly thoughtful and will be referred to in this blog. The NY state document stipulates that to open their economy, hospital and ICU capacity should not exceed 70%. Moreover, the rate of transmissions should be less than 1.1 (i.e. one person infects less than 1.1 people). Adhering to these guidelines will limit the possibility of hospitals being overwhelmed by a surge of new cases. The CDC (Centre for Disease Control) in the United States suggests that there should be a 14-day decline in Covid-19 hospitalizations immediately preceding the lifting of restrictions. Should the number of infections begin to escalate, restrictions should be put back in place. Note that some states are lifting restrictions while infections are rising.

The NY state plan stipulates that a testing regimen should be activated with a daily objective of 30 tests per 1000 people. There should also be a satisfactory number of testing sites in each location; there should be an immediate turnaround on testing results to limit the spread. New York State suggests that an advertising program be created to educate the public about the need and the process of being tested.

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As we watch the Covid-19 pandemic unfold, in real time, on our television and computer screens, we are observing major weaknesses in many of our essential institutions. Despite the warning from China at the beginning of this year, North Americans were unprepared for this pandemic. Before it even began, pandemic readiness work triggered by HIV and SARS epidemics had already been abandoned or scaled back for political rather than health concerns, leaving all of us vulnerable. Then there was a failure of the U.S. president to listen to the warning signals, to take responsibility for this crisis, to activate policies to produce protective equipment, to implement a national stay at home policy, and to ensure there were adequate tests to identify those who have Covid-19 and those who do not.

Our health care systems were overwhelmed by a lack of planning and resources. Our grocery and household goods supply chains were not ready for the huge upswing in online shopping and for the surge in demand for many items.

The result of these failures is that the United States is now the epicenter of the virus. Canada is also being hit hard. The pandemic is forcing millions of Canadians and Americans, other than those designated as providing essential services, to say at home to help reduce the spread of Covid-19. This necessary policy is causing the ongoing shutdown of many businesses and a loss of millions of jobs. As outlined in this article in Foreign Policy (https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/09/unemployment-coronavirus-pandemic-normal-economy-is-never-coming-back/), the “normal economy is never coming back.”

We are already seeing significant changes in our everyday lives. Many of us are becoming proficient at meeting with our family, friends and colleagues via a video conference. This trend will likely become more prevalent in our business lives after the crisis. Many people are becoming more skilled at purchasing groceries and supplies online and are taking the opportunity to upgrade their abilities in banking from home, home schooling, personal fitness, hair cutting and in a variety of other areas.

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In my previous blog (https://www.dantranscon.com/index.php/blog/entry/where-is-the-freight-transportation-industry-headed-in-2020), I outlined some of the forces shaping the freight transportation industry in 2020. This will likely be another year of upheaval.

In brief, the current “manufacturing recession” is restraining freight volumes. There will likely be a removal of a glut of fleet equipment. This coupled with the ELD compliance requirements in the US and Canada, and high insurance costs, may push out more poorly financed carriers. Political instability in the Middle East may drive up fuel costs. The maintenance of tariffs, even after the signing of the phase 1 China / US trade deal, will continue to drive up costs of supplies from China. This will likely make this a challenging year for shippers and carriers. It is very likely that shippers will face rising freight rates in 2020 to offset rising costs.

What can shippers do to restrain freight costs in 2020? Here are a few thoughts

1. Reevaluate your network and shipping practices

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2019 in Review

After the hot freight market and record profits of 2018, many trucking companies added trucks and drivers to keep up with the expected shippers’ capacity demands in 2019. An index published by the Institute for Supply Management dropped to 47.2 in December, the lowest reading since June 2009 and the fifth straight month of contraction. A reading below 50 indicates the manufacturing sector is contracting. In 2019, excess truck capacity was met with a “manufacturing recession.”

One key trade flow indicator that maritime experts and world economists examine, is the volume of the eastbound trans-Pacific trade lane — the regional trade lane for ocean containers that originate in East Asia and end in the United States. This trade lane accounts for 40% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP).

The flow of containers in this trade lane has marked a plunge in weakening relations. U.S. exports out of the Port of Los Angeles (the end of the lane) is down 12 consecutive months. China imports have dropped significantly. The ripple effect of this change not only hit the maritime system but the trucking and rail systems as well since there was less freight to move.

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Here is my annual recap of the major trends that shaped the Surface Transportation industry during the past year.

1. The Reboot – The Trucking Industry goes into a Freight Recession in 2019

After a booming first three quarters of 2018, the trucking industry contracted in the fourth quarter; by mid-April of 2019, it became apparent (https://www.barrons.com/articles/trucking-industry-is-in-a-recession-will-economy-follow-51565880739) that the trucking industry was in a “freight recession.” In a “strange inversion of market dynamics,” truckload rates dipped below intermodal rates in some lanes. By mid-year, the Cass Freight Shipper Expenditure Index turned negative year / year signaling that shippers were paying less for freight and moving fewer loads than the previous year.

The correction seemed to be a result of several factors. Slower industrial production was evidenced by the dip below 50 in the ISM Production Index. Trade tensions and tariff wars with China reduced demand. On the supply side, many truckers added to their fleets to address the capacity shortages in 2018. This coupled with higher pay to attract drivers and increasing insurance costs, drove up expenses as freight rates were falling. Softening demand, coupled with excess capacity, produced the Freight Recession of 2019.

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The 2019 Surface Transportation Summit will take place at the International Centre in Toronto on October 16. Canada’s leading freight conference will try to make sense of the roller coaster that Canadian shippers and carriers have experienced over the past couple of years.

Josh Nye, Senior Economist, Royal Bank of Canada, will kick off the conference with his assessment of the current state of the Canadian and U.S. economies and share his insights on where they are headed in 2020. Two other panelists, David Ross, Managing Director, Global Transportation & Logistics, Stifel Financial Corp. and Stephen Laskowski, President, Canadian Trucking Alliance & Ontario Trucking Association, will provide their outlook on the state of the freight transportation industry in the U.S. and Canada. Following these presentations, Scott Tilley, President, Tandet Group and Anna Petrova, Supply Chain Director, Canada, Conagra Brands, representatives of a leading shipper and trucking organization, will share their perspectives on where the industry is going.

The next panel will include business leaders from five segments of the Canadian freight industry: small parcel and last mile delivery, LTL and truckload transportation, shipping by rail, fleet equipment leasing and real estate. Lucas Murua, Senior VP of Sales and Marketing, Dicom Transportation Group, Doug Munro, President and owner, M-O Freightworks, Al Boughton, Co-Founder, Trailcon Leasing, Tim Roulston, Director of Sales and Truckload Operations, Intermodal, CN Rail and Mark Cascagnette, President, Managing Partner, Lee & Associates, Toronto will share their thoughts on where their segment of the industry is going.

The always popular Shipper / Carrier Roundtable will feature Taimy Cruz, Director of Logistics, Broadgrain Commodities, Sylvie Messier, Corporate Transportation and Customs Manager, Ipex, Rob Nichols, Managing Director of Domestic Intermodal, CP Rail, Norm Sneyd, Vice President, Business Development, Bison Transport, Imtiaz Kermali, Vice President, eShipper and Joe Lombardo, Director or Freight, Transportation and Logistics, Purolator who will debate some of the most important issues facing transportation professionals in the Canadian freight industry.

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Freight Bids are Back in 2019

Posted by on in Freight Bids

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During the wild and woolly 2018, freight bid activity subsided as shippers searched for capacity wherever they could find it. As we have seen, 2018 was an anomaly, a one of a kind. As we pass the mid-point of 2019, the dynamics of the freight market have changed significantly from the prior year. Business volumes are strong but not at the levels of 2018. To meet shipper demands, many carriers added capacity to their truck fleets. The theme of 2019 is more capacity chasing more moderate freight volumes. What does this all mean from the perspective of freight rates?

Looking at the results of the most recent Morgan Stanley Truckload Sentiment Survey, only 14% of the respondents consider the current truckload demand to be strong while 62% describe it as neutral (supply and demand in balance) and 24% consider it to be weak. Three months down the road, 67% of the respondents expect truckload demand to be neutral while 15% expect it to be weak; only 18% expect freight demand to be strong.

Forty-one percent of respondents perceive truckload capacity to be abundant while 50% consider it to be neutral; only 9% categorize capacity as tight. Three months from now, as we enter the fall shipping season, 25% expect capacity to be abundant while 61% still expect it to be neutral; only 14% expect capacity to be tight.

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There are approximately 540,000 truckload carriers registered with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration in the United States. These range from 1 truck to 20,000 truck fleets. The majority have less than 20 pieces of equipment in their fleets. These companies generated approximately $350 billion in revenue in 2018.

Revenue/Tonnage Growth in 2018

Here is a link to the top 50 truckload carriers in the United States and Canada that are listed in Transport Topics (https://www.ttnews.com/top100/tl/2018). Swift Transportation, Schneider National, Landstar System, J.B. Hunt Transportation Services, and Penske Logistics are the five largest US based truckload carriers; TFI (formerly TransForce International), Mullen Group, Canada Cartage, Bison Transport and Challenger Motor Freight are Canada’s largest truckload operators. It should be noted that TFI that has its head office in Canada now derives a significant share of its revenues from the United States.

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It is hard to believe that a decade has gone by since the Great Recession. Those of us in the Freight Transportation Industry at that time remember the sharp drop in business activity and freight volumes. This encouraged many shippers to conduct multiple freight bids during that period to use (abuse) their freight rate negotiating leverage to reduce their shipping costs. Carrier loyalty was sacrificed for freight cost savings.

One year ago, the tables were totally reversed. The introduction of electronic logging devices (ELDs) combined with an upswing in economic activity and a capacity shortage pushed freight rates to record levels. Carriers became very selective in allocating their capacity. Manufacturers and distributors were advised to become “Shippers of Choice.”

Carriers gave preference to shippers whose facilities were “driver friendly,” whose loads and paperwork were ready in a timely manner, who moved loads to preferred locations, and who paid top dollar. Shippers that wished to maintain consistent, reliable capacity and service were encouraged to establish “core carrier” programs at “carrier friendly” rates. They were told to pay the newly elevated rates to protect their supply chains.

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Are We Heading Into Another Freight Recession?

Posted by on in Economy

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 Global Economic Outlook

Early this month, the International Monetary Fund downgraded its outlook for growth in the United States, Europe, Japan and the overall global economy and pointed to heightened trade tensions as a key reason. U.S. trade talks with China continue without resolution, and there are indications that the rate of Chinese economic growth is slowing. The IMF expects the world economy to grow 3.3% this year, down from 3.6% in 2018. That would match 2016 for the weakest year since 2009. In its previous forecast in January, the IMF had predicted that international growth would reach 3.5% this year.

U.S. Economic Outlook

Economists expect U.S. first-quarter growth to decelerate less than previously thought even as they cut forecasts for the rest of the year, projecting a second-quarter rebound will fade as the effects of tax cuts wane. The median estimate for growth in the first three months of the year increased to 1.6% from 1.5% seen last month, according to an April 5-10 Bloomberg News survey. At the same time, forecasts for the second quarter held at 2.6% while those for the third edged down to 2.2% and were lower for the fourth, at 2%.

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The following is my annual report on the state of the LTL Freight Industry in the United States and Canada.

The Booming Freight Market of 2018

Strong economic growth and high employment in the United States and Canada, coupled with concerns over US tariffs and trade wars, and high truck utilization rates, propelled freight demand and freight rate pricing skyward. Contract and spot LTL rates rose to record levels. These powerful forces helped make 2018 an outstanding year for many, but not all LTL truckers.

How Big is the LTL Market?

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- Starting with less than truckload (LTL) and rail freight, North America’s online freight marketplace is rapidly expanding its services and coverage 

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The Freight Transportation Industry

The US and Canadian trucking industries generate about $750 to $800 billion in revenue. When you add in rail volumes, the North American surface transportation industry represents trillions of dollars in revenue. The industry is highly fragmented; there are 750,000 licensed trucking companies in the US, according to the US Department of Transport, of which 90,000 have more than 20 trucks.

Shippers that move freight across North America have always faced the challenge of finding a set of trucking and rail service providers with the precise range of services, geographic coverage and rates that meet their needs. Since no single asset-based transportation provider can meet the needs of all shippers, the trucking industry has long relied on the thousands of third-party brokers, essentially travel agents for the freight transportation industry, who connect shippers and carriers. Over the past few decades, the industry has evolved from phone and fax machine communication to internet, smartphone technology and sophisticated data management.

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This has been a remarkable year in history and in the world of Freight Transportation. Here are some observations on the major developments that will shape 2019.

1. The Coming Economic Downturn and Recession

The looming emerging markets credit crisis is expected to grow in both scale and scope. Some emerging markets have come under serious economic and financial stress as a result of foreign-denominated debt and currency depreciations. An emerging markets credit crisis will unfold in 2019.

Most economic forecasters, including various government agencies and big Wall Street banks, expect the American economy to continue growing in 2019. But there is a broad consensus that the pace will slow as the “sugar high” provided by the Trump administration’s $1.5 trillion tax cut and spending increases begin to wear off.

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